| 1031 athletes from 93 countries. These games were notable for a number of Olympic firsts and numerous world records, attributable to the high altitude of Mexico City. |   
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| Medals Men | G | S | B | All |  | 1. United States | 12 | 5 | 7 | 24 |  | 2. Kenya | 3 | 4 | 1 | 8 |  | 3. Soviet Union | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 |  | 4. East Germany | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |  | 5. Hungary | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |  | 6. Australia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |  | 6. Ethiopia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |  | 8. Great Britain | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |  | 8. Tunisia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |  | 10.West Germany | 0 | 3 | 3 | 6 |  | 11.Brazil | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |  | 11.Cuba | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |  | 11.Finland | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |  | 11.Jamaica | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |  | 11.Japan | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |  | 11.Mexico | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |  | 16.Italy | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |  | 17.New Zealand | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |  | 17.France | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |  | 17.Czeckoslovakia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |   
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| Medals Women | G | S | B | All |  | 1. United States | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |  | 2. Romania | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |  | 3. East Germany | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |  | 4. Australia | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |  | 5. Hungary | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |  | 6. Poland | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |  | 7. France | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |  | 7. Czechoslovakia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |  | 9. Great Britain | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |  | 10.Soviet Union | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 |  | 11.Austria | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |  | 12.Cuba | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |  | 12.West Germany | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |  | 14.Netherlands | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |  | 14.Taiwan | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |   
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